Partial prostheses
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Partial prostheses are removable prostheses in gapped teeth for the restitution of chewing functions, phonetics and aesthetics. They consist of artificial rows of teeth attached to the prosthetic basis. The denture saddles are parts of the prosthetic basis. The connection of several denture saddles consists of compensation elements (e.g., transversal and sublingual arches consisting of metal or precious metal). Anchoring elements are used as attachment to the remaining teeth.
Removable model cast or plastic prosthetics can be anchored to the remaining teeth with clamps or attachment and support elements (e. g., attachment, press-studs, bars or telescope crowns). The dual crown system (telescope crowns) does not feature the unaesthetic clamps and crowning protects the attachment teeth from further caries attacks. A combination of removable and fixed dentures provides good wearing and chewing comfort. They also serve as a rail, as the chewing forces are distributed to the other teeth through these blockings. These high-value combinations are often the only option, when side teeth are no longer available as anchors for fixed bridges.
The prosthesis, parodontal borne by natural teeth, is appropriate in the interrupted row of teeth (like a bridge). This type of prosthesis is very resilient. Parodontal borne prostheses in the upper jaw can be combined with a palatal bar or with a sublingual bar in the lower jaw. Chewing pressure on the artificial row of teeth is exclusively transferred to the remaining natural teeth.
Cantilever prostheses are created for shortened rows of teeth. If they are supported by natural teeth, parodontal-gingival positioning applies, such as in a parodontal-gingival borne cantilever prosthesis in the lower jaw with a sublingual bar. In the case of this support borne by teeth and mucous membranes, a large proportion of the chewing force is transferred to the parodontia. The extension of the saddle to all loadable jaw sections results in the largest possible load distribution at the toothless denture base.
Mucous membrane or gingival borne dentures are indicated if there are no further loadable teeth available for support. As the entire chewing force is transferred to the toothless jaw sections, the prosthetic basis should be extended to all loadable jaw sections.
If loadable teeth are still available, the partial prosthesis should be supported to reduce sinking of the prosthetic edge. In parodontal-gingival or gingival borne tooth replacements, even toothless jaw sections are included to absorb the chewing pressure. This leads to increased deterioration of the denture base.
